Canonical and Grand Canonical Ensemble Expectation Values from Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations

摘要

We show how canonical ensemble expectation values can be extracted fromquantum Monte Carlo simulations in the grand canonical ensemble. In order toobtain results for all particle sectors, a modest number of grand canonicalsimulations must be performed, each at a different chemical potential. From thecanonical ensemble results, grand canonical expectation values can be extractedas a continuous function of the chemical potential. Results are presented fromthe application of this method to the two-dimensional Hubbard model.